Suchergebnisse

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to investigate how children's involvement in bullying (as bullies, victims and bully-victims) is related to longer term levels of various internalizing problems such as depression and self-harm. Design/methodology/approach -- A prospective longitudinal design was used based on data from the Swedish Seven Schools Longitudinal Study. The authors also examined whether bullying/victimization experiences predict changes in internalizing problems. Findings -- Results vary depending on children's participation in bullying behavior as bullies, victims or bully-victims. Originality/value -- Overall, the paper's findings highlight the importance of uniqueness of different bullying/victimization experiences. This study showed that the bully-victims, followed by the victimized group, were more at risk for displaying internalizing problems. Bullies showed neither higher internalizing problems nor increases over time in symptom levels compared to the youths who were neither bullies nor victims. Adapted from the source document.

Theories on political socialization are being reexamined as researchers are becoming skeptical of their explanatory power. Previous studies often characterized adolescence and young adults as passive objects for socialization, failing to grasp that the political views of adolescence and young adults are constantly changing, and often take a non-institutional form. Some researchers are trying a different approach where mechanisms and processes are put in a central role in determining how adolescents and young adults develop their civic engagement. The objective is to understand how civic engagement changes over time and what role the media and peers play in this socialization process. The studies will last for seven years and consists of longitudinal, experimental and follow-up studies. The results will be checked against individual, biological, sociological and cognitive factors, and gender. L. Pitkaniemi